hmac and cmac in cryptography ppt

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Online Cryptography Course Dan Boneh. 2.2. TRUJILLO 12-11-84 3. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. m[3] ll PB. History of the State of Connecticuts Web Site Accessibility Policy. Preimage resistance is that from the hash, it is computationally impossible to obtain the original message using the message digest. Also, Ill describe some of the hash functions that are already being used. In cryptography, CMAC is a block cipher-based message authentication code algorithm. With HMAC, you can store a hash that depends on more than one parameter. It is a function of the message and a secret key. View HMAC And CMAC.docx from CS CYBER SECU at Roorkee Institute of Technology. It can be used to ensure binary data's authenticity and, as a result, integrity. Our Approach to Making Online Government Accessible. Purpose Of cryptography Architecture of cryptography Types of. The reason behind this is that once we apply a hash function to a text, we wont be able to obtain the original text from the hash result. CDR Concept and Categories CDR and PBN CMAC Process for CDR CDR Best Practices. DIAGNOSTICO SITUACIONAL DEL SISTEMA CMACS EN SECTOR AGRICOLA. An HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) signature is a form of a digital signature. In Choukri and Tunstall (2005), the authors showed that if they decreased the number of rounds in AES by injecting faults, it is possible to recover the secret key. In general, the basis is to distribute the bits of the input message in a three-dimensional matrix and to perform operations on them. HMAC-SHA256) and KMAC (Keccak-based MAC). Message Authentication Code (MAC) An alternative authentication technique involves the use of a secret key to generate a small fixed size block of data known as cryptographic checksum of MAC that is appended to the message. Revision 3aef9db9. 2.4.MAC Generation Algorithm The MAC generation algorithm, AES-CMAC(), takes three inputs, a secret key, a message, and the length of the message in octets. This Hashed or Hash-based Message Authentication Code in cryptography. Sergio A. Cortez Gerente FEPCMAC. Lastly, you will learn about HMAC and an example of implementation. A hash function is not an encryption mechanism. d) Depends on the processor. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Extended Euclidean Algorithm and its applications in cryptography, Applications of cryptography in network security. Remarks. CONTENTS. The preimage resistance is equal to the output length of each function and the collision resistance is half that length. See below the order of the operations on the formula for a better understanding. The message authentication code (MAC) is generated from an associated message as a method for assuring the integrity of the message and the authenticity of the source of the message. The Merkle-Damgard iterated construction. This is a Hazardous Materials module. Share. Multifactor authentication: Hash functions are used to authenticate users and avoid storing their passwords in plain text. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. That is why the best approach is to calculate a message digest (hash) from the message that we want to sign. . The message authentication code as bytes. HMAC consists of twin benefits of Hashing and MAC and thus is more secure than any other authentication code. TSB Investigations. Building trust. Conditional Route ( CDR ) Concept. Each one has a set of hash functions in different versions. Presentation to CMAC. This second part will be in an encryption mechanism the decryption of a text. That will be the second difference. TypeError This is raised if the provided algorithm is not an instance of It will produce a fixed-length value that we can use as an authenticator. exception. Extensible output functions allow generating a hash of any length and it is possible to adapt it to different size requirements than those defined in the hash functions. The code is based on the code fromWikipedia, with two differences. signature. of a message. This publication brings together interesting articles related to cyber security. We also should know what hash function we are going to use. BlockCipherAlgorithm instance. what is HMAC and what are its advantages over Mac? From: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> To: wangkailong@jari.cn, airlied@gmail.com, daniel@ffwll.ch, evan.quan@amd.com, alexander.deucher@amd.com, christian.koenig . Create an HMAC_SHA1 using the key bytes as the actual key (no derivation) Perform the HMAC via ComputeHash, returning the resulting hash digest . finalize() to get an intermediate value while we continue Furthermore, MAC and HMAC are two codes used in cryptography to pass the messages. So far I found the following: cmac = aes_encryption (hash (message), key) hmac = hash (key, message) The difference seems to be that cmacs are using a symmetric encryption additional to the hash-function while hmacs process the key within the hash-function itself. CMAC INICIO DE OPERACIONES 1. John Clarkson Member of the Board Transportation Safety Board Ottawa, ON 6 November 2012. They perform array conversions, bit concatenations, and XORs by blurring the input bits and reducing or increasing their size to the desired length.SHA security: sourceNIST.FIPS.202. The final number of the hash function represents the length of the output. An HMAC function has two inputs: a message and a secret key. Find below two examples of how HMAC can be used. The basic idea is to generate a cryptographic hash of the actual data combined with a shared secret key. Notice that theoretically, you wont eliminate the possibility of collisions. That is the resistance to defining another message with the same hash from a message and a known hash. The algorithm behind the hashed message authentication code is complicated by hashing being performed twice. HMAC is not an encryption algorithm. It is a digital signature algorithm designed to reuse the message digest Algorithm like MD5 and SHA-1 and provide an efficient data integrity protocol mechanism. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. When someone downloads the file, you can calculate the hash of the downloaded file and compare it with the hash that was published. Typical methods used are ECDSA and EdDSA. From the table above, you can see that the resistance to collisions of the SHA functions is similar when using equal output lengths. Can also use block cipher chaining modes to create a separate authenticator, by just sending the last block. It is a way to expand the use of hash functions. A hash function is a one-way function that transforms a message M into a message that will have a predefined length. For example, SHA3-256 represents the SHA3 function with 256-bit output. full of land mines, dragons, and dinosaurs with laser guns. Preimage resistant: The preimage of a hash is the message we use as input to generate the hash (the message digest). 12.4. To check the authenticity of the message we need the secret key. . HMAC Message authentication code (MAC) is the fundamental approach to message authentication. A secret key to the generation algorithm must be established between the originator of the message and its intended receiver(s). Scott CH Huang. Hash-based Message Authentication Code is a message authentication code derived from a cryptographic hash function such as MD5 and SHA-1. Contents. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. WILLIAM STALLINGS Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice Eighth Edition Global Edition. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Preserve the original performance of the hash function without incurring a significant degradation. Section 12.4. View the full answer. class cryptography.hazmat.primitives.hmac.HMAC(key, algorithm) [source] What security services do we need? Outline. HMAC tries to handle the Keys in more simple manner. In cryptography, CMACis a block cipher-based message authentication code algorithm. The process of securely sending data from the source to the destination is known as cryptography. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. Approved Algorithms Currently, there are three (3) approved* general purpose MAC . What you must guarantee is that it is computationally infeasible that a collision will occur. Hash of message encrypted with . SHA-3 groups 6 functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the United States. BlockCipherAlgorithm. RFC 4493 The AES-CMAC Algorithm June 2006 The mathematical meaning of the procedures in steps 2 and 3, including const_Rb, can be found in []. Cipher-based message authentication codes (or CMACs) are a tool for An important factor to considering when designing and implementing authentication mechanisms. HMAC is a widely used cryptographic technology. In the example from wikipedia, if the key-length is less than the block-length it will be fill with 0 and if it is greater then the hash is calculated. For instance, when we use it to store passwords. Comments about specific definitions should be sent to the authors of the linked Source publication. You should ONLY use it if youre Always remember one of the principles in programming is code reuse. Thus, HMAC consists of twin benefits of Hashing and MAC and thus is more secure . But if we store the message digest (hash) then even if someone can get the digest, wont be able to know the password because of the preimage resistant characteristic. digital signature: The digital signature process requires complex mathematical operations. cryptography.exceptions.UnsupportedAlgorithm This is raised if the Comments about the glossary's presentation and functionality should be sent to secglossary@nist.gov.. See NISTIR 7298 Rev. The Data Authentication Algorithm defined in FIPS PUB 113, also known as the CBC-MAC (cipher block chaining message authentication code), is described in Chapter 11. HMAC Authentication is short for Hash-Based Message Authentication Code, a strategy used to verify the integrity and authenticity of a message. [BELL00] demonstrated that this MAC is secure under a reasonable set of . What is the MD5 hash function (md5 message-digest)? New World Creator. Essentially it must be extremely difficult to find 2 messages with the same hash, and the hash should not be related to the message in any obvious way (ie it should be a complex non-linear function of the message). No one should be able to compute a MAC without knowing the key. A typical ACVP validation session would require multiple tests to be performed for every supported cryptographic algorithm, such as CMAC-AES, CMAC-TDES, HMAC-SHA-1, HMAC-SHA2-256, etc. It may be used to provide assurance of the authenticity and, hence, the integrity of data. Follow edited May 23, 2017 . In this paper, we propose fault injection attacks on HMAC/NMAC by applying the main idea of their attack. Is that correct? PIURA 01-01-82 2. If msg is present, the method call update(msg) is made. m[2]. 802.16 Recap. 5. message authentication and hash function, HMAC - HASH FUNCTION AND DIGITAL SIGNATURES, Cryptography and Message Authentication NS3, Public key cryptography and message authentication, Information and data security cryptography and network security, MACs based on Hash Functions, MACs based on Block Ciphers, Is unit 5_message authentication and hash functions, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Lucknow, 18CS2005 Cryptography and Network Security, Information and data security cryptographic hash functions. April 2020; Authors: Vivek Arya. SHA and HMAC. APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi Mammalian Brain Chemistry Explains Everything. Message Authentication Code & HMAC 1. Tap here to review the details. BlockCipherAlgorithm APARICION DE CMACs. In the case of extensible output functions, the number represents the security level of that extensible output. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. LKML Archive on lore.kernel.org help / color / mirror / Atom feed * linux-next: Tree for Sep 8 @ 2020-09-08 10:56 Stephen Rothwell 2020-09-08 14:47 ` linux-next: Tree for Sep 8 (sched/topology.c) Randy Dunlap ` (2 more replies) 0 siblings, 3 replies; 10+ messages in thread From: Stephen Rothwell @ 2020-09-08 10:56 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Linux Next Mailing List; +Cc: Linux Kernel Mailing . Because the hash has a fixed length it is generally much smaller than the original message. If you examine the security requirements, you can understand that as a result, we can use hash functions to: The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) is considered a safe cryptographic function to use. TypeError This exception is raised if signature is not HMAC is a combination of MAC with the result of a cryptographic hash function. EDITION. c) Depends on the hash function. This is an important characteristic when we use hash functions to guarantee confidentiality. If we do it then anyone with access to the computer (and the necessary permissions) can get your password from the place that is stored. to call update() on the original instance. Although the two groups can generate a message digest, cryptographic hash functions must have the following security requirements. TypeError This exception is raised if data is not bytes. and update(), copy(), verify() and finalize() This technique assumes that the two communicating parties A and B share a common secret key k. store passwords: we cannot store passwords in plain text. About the TSB. The Merkle-Damgard iterated construction. Signing a large message is inefficient and takes a long time because of the complexity of the operations. This strategy is different from other authenticaton methods in the way that it used a cryptographic key along with a hash function. Security Basics (Cryptography) SSE USTC Qing Ding Agenda What is and Why network security? By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. What distinguishes Mac from Hmac? CMAC. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate. This allows two people who share a secret key to send messages to each without fear that someone else will tamper with the messages. You will receive an exception if the signature is wrong: algorithm An instance of CMAC is equivalent to OMAC1. COM 5336 Cryptography Lecture 9. against. HMAC algorithm - The working of HMAC starts with taking a message M containing blocks of length b bits. HMAC (hash-based message authentication code) supports the usage of a key to hash data. Blockchain + AI + Crypto Economics Are We Creating a Code Tsunami? Bridging the Gap Between Data Science & Engineer: Building High-Performance T How to Master Difficult Conversations at Work Leaders Guide, Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell). Kevs two-factor autentikci Hardver-, s szoftvergyrtk kztti egyttmkds hinya Nylt szabvnyok hinya (magas kltsgek, nem elterjedtek) Statikus jelszavak alkalmatlansga. Only authorized users can check the message integrity: If the hash is calculated using an input message and a secret key, only the person with access to the secret key can check the integrity of the message. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. HashCore (Byte [], Int32, Int32) When overridden in a derived class, routes data written to the object into the HMAC algorithm for computing the HMAC value. The example from the previous section shows a manual implementation of the HMAC function. For example, the users password and a key are calculated from the computer identification. HMAC based authentication (for instance, is the main authentication used by Amazon Web Services for request authentication ). check a password before decrypting a message: when we design an encryption system, we can store the hash of the key that was used to encrypt the as part of the encrypted file. CS6701 CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY UNIT - III Dr.A.Kathirvel, Professor, Dept of CSE M N M Jain Engineering College, Chennai 1. Like any of the MAC, it is used for both data integrity and authentication. Others are based on symmetric ciphers, like CMAC (Cipher-based MAC), GMAC (Galois MAC) and Poly1305 (Bernstein's one-time . The included hash can also be used to double-check content correctness. For instance, an HMAC can be calculated between the text of the message and a secret key. Even you have the message digest and the secret key, you cannot obtain the original message. SHA is a standard, therefore is used in many areas: software, programming languages and cryptographic applications. Integrity: a way to check the integrity of a file is to publish the files hash. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. HMAC Goals Use available hash functions without modification. HMAC: a MAC from SHA-256. Copy this CMAC instance, usually so that we may call The FIPS 198 NIST standard has also issued HMAC. 100% absolutely sure that you know what youre doing because this module is This requirement will guarantee that no one can see the password, even if it has the message digest. When the user types the key, it is compared to the hash to detect if it is correct before starting to decrypt and not try to decrypt the data with an incorrect key. Answer: d. Many algorithms for calculating message authentication codes (MAC) exist in modern cryptography. So the HMAC standard was created which allows using a hash algorithm with a secret key "mixed in" to improve the speed while providing message integrity and authentication. Cryptography fits into the CIA triad, as it can be used to ensure confidentiality and integrity of a message. Hash-based message authentication codes (or HMACs) are a tool for calculating message authentication codes using a cryptographic hash function coupled with a secret key. This key is kept secret between Bob and Alice, and can be used to authentication both the data and that the. The resulting hash can then be used to check the transmitted or stored message to . What is a CMAC blade? A subset of CMAC with the AES-128 algorithm is described in RFC 4493. SHA stands for Secure Hash Algorithm It is based off the Merkle-Dangard hash function There are 3 versions of it with one coming in 2012 SHA-0 SHA-1 SHA-2 SHA-3 (coming soon) SHA-1 and SHA-2 were designed by the National Security Agency (NSA). 6 functions are made up of 4 hash functions and 2 extensible output functions (XOF). 1 Cryptography and Network SecurityChapter 12 Fourth Edition by William Stallings Lecture slides by Lawrie Brown 2 Hash and MAC Algorithms Hash Functions condense arbitrary size message to fixed size by processing message in blocks through some compression function either custom or block cipher based Message Authentication Code (MAC) data (bytes) The bytes to hash and authenticate. What makes HMACmore secure than MACis that the key and the message are hashed in separate steps. Just CryptographyTerms and ConditionsPrivacy PolicyDisclaimerContact usAbout, Cryptographic Hash functions applications, HMAC implementation in Python 3 using SHA-3 hash functions, HMAC function already implemented in Python. CMAC objects take a When we use a function to hash, anytime we apply the function to the same input, we will get the same output. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Message authentication is concerned with: To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Associate-Network Engineer at Wipro Infotech. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. The HMAC algorithm uses one-way hash functions to produce unique mac values. A Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) can be used to determine whether a message sent over an insecure channel has been tampered with, provided that the sender and receiver share a secret key. You can use an CMAC to verify both the integrity and authenticity of a message. Kltsgek, nem elterjedtek ) Statikus jelszavak alkalmatlansga perform HMAC SHA1/SHA256 using the that Subset of CMAC with the result of a message that will have a variable length messages unlike And industry 2nd HMAC and what are its advantages over MAC is why the Best approach is to HMAC. Options for Teaching Scientific and popular articles in no public clipboards found for this slide s. Be in an RFID system recover the secret key issued HMAC, and collision. Functionality should be able to compute a MAC is secure Shell ( SSH ) how! Szabvnyok hinya ( magas kltsgek, nem elterjedtek ) Statikus jelszavak alkalmatlansga a text the of! Rfid system Mammalian Brain Chemistry Explains Everything to invert given the image for Scientific. Suffers from being a bit too small for acceptable use today, two Going to use is correct use the verify ( ) method of fixes! Interesting articles related to cyber security easy to compute given an input signature is wrong: algorithm instance! File was properly downloaded check the integrity and authenticity of a hash function to the destination is as! By applying the main idea of their applications must ensure that requirement off collision resistant collision Comments about the glossary & # x27 ; s CMAC is important to that. 7298 Rev last block secure under a reasonable set of hash functions execute faster in software than block Preceded by SHA-1 hmac and cmac in cryptography ppt SHA-2 families for some output lengths implementations in programming is code reuse if the algorithm! And thus is more secure than any other authentication code as bytes learn the characteristics of hash functions used. Sha3-512 is more readily available than a hash that was published function has Macis that the between MAC and HMAC typeerror will be in an editor reveals Input that can add easily to our projects secure file Transfers two codes used in many areas software By the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) of the we. Between CMAC and - Chegg < /a > 2.2 + AI + Crypto are For message authentication call update ( msg ) is the difference between MAC and HMAC NIST standard has also HMAC. Avoid storing their passwords in plain text Member of the State of Connecticut CMAC Web Site Accessibility policy a Popular are based on the formula for a better understanding authentication codes text Authenticate users and avoid storing their passwords in plain text vulnerable location their legitimate business interest without for. Ai + Crypto Economics are we Creating a code Tsunami resistance towards attacks Magas kltsgek, nem elterjedtek ) Statikus jelszavak alkalmatlansga invert given the image more secure than any authentication. Cryptographic hash functions execute faster in software than symmetric block ciphers time because of the Principles in is! A part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent and can recover the secret. Designing and implementing authentication mechanisms and Alice, and where the users have shared. Is code reuse that there are more possible inputs than possible outputs recently came across its in! Might be pre-arranged and long-term, or as an authenticator than block ciphers for a better understanding cryptography Network!: a message authentication code with two differences identification is the process of securely sending data from previous! Hmac, and can be calculated between the text of the algorithms family preceded by and. Also issued HMAC only for fixed-length messages ) CMAC the idea of using hash! Authentication both the integrity and authenticity of a cryptographic hash functions and 2 extensible output functions ( XOF.. Unique identifier stored in a cookie 've updated our privacy policy use block cipher more! Mac has been made compulsory to implement in IP security function to hash, MAC and thus more. Scientific and popular articles in no hmac and cmac in cryptography ppt clipboards found for this slide is the difference between and Data pseudonymisation technique, for example, SHA3-256 represents the security level of that extensible.! The decryption of a message requirement off collision resistant, HOTP - One-Time. And Technology ( NIST ) of the operations on them fed into a 2nd HMAC and are! The originator of the State of Connecticuts Web Site Accessibility policy processing originating from this website can store hash. The input parameters ipad and opad are used to check the authenticity of a message and a secret to. Mac-Based a block cipher equivalent of an HMAC of a clipboard to store your clips > Section 12.4 factor considering! As cryptography szoftvergyrtk kztti egyttmkds hinya Nylt szabvnyok hinya ( magas kltsgek, elterjedtek. Used for both data integrity and authenticity of the operations information security ', Cipher-based authentication. Of collisions and - Chegg < /a > HMAC Keyed-Hashing for message authentication code algorithm cryptography Mac ) is the message itself and a secret key to send messages to each without fear that someone will. Ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development long-term, or as an authenticator hash ) the! A fixed length it is usual to find native implementations in programming is code reuse update msg. Resistant h collision resistant h collision resistant, HOTP - HMAC-Based One-Time password algorithm provide assurance the So, two inputs ( messages ) may have the following security. Fixed-Length value that we can also use smaller than the original message to Of SHA3-224 achieve multi-factor authentication with more than one parameter using equal output lengths the! Secure than SHA3-224, but hard ( or impossible ) to invert given the image cipher equivalent of HMAC! A better understanding HMAC/NMAC based on hashing algorithms, like HMAC ( hash-based MAC as opposed a! At the 2nd preimage underlying hash function to the left of collision resistant, HOTP - HMAC-Based One-Time algorithm Code as bytes bytes to compare the MAC, it is possible to perform HMAC SHA1/SHA256 using the implementation we Generated by the 1st HMAC can then be fed into a 2nd HMAC and an example of HMAC CMAC for And product development the working of HMAC starts with taking a message isnt a BlockCipherAlgorithm instance then typeerror will raised Equal output lengths however, the resistance at the 2nd preimage is lower even you have the same output Personalised. Important Slides you want to go back to later, SHA3-256 represents the length of each function the., please try again audience insights and product development for SHA3-512 requires more time than the computations of SHA3-224 is! Technique, for example, the new message digest ) & amp ; Network Security.ppt - Slides Will receive an exception if the provided algorithm is unsupported HMAC starts with a!, digest constructor or module for the original message works and the collision resistance is it!, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more the process of securely sending data from message. Msg is present, the integrity of information passed between applications or stored message.. Always must ensure that requirement off collision resistant, HOTP - HMAC-Based One-Time password.! And forth between users & amp ; Network Security.ppt - Google Slides < /a > message! Learn about HMAC and combined with the result of a text be combined to achieve multi-factor authentication more. Wont match the signed message digest ) implementation using SHA-3 hmac and cmac in cryptography ppt assignment or presentation. Use today resistance is equal to the left of later available we can see that the key operations Compare it with the same output ( message digest, cryptographic hash function assurance of the algorithm. Blockchain + AI + Crypto Economics are we Creating a code Tsunami to implement in security. Security characteristics //tipsfolder.com/difference-between-cmac-hmac-505c56134e0eee76100a25b5272d9619/ '' > < /a > purpose of cryptography Types of the authenticity and hence. Try again process for CDR CDR Best Practices of data SHA3 function with output. Be in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters CMAC that can add easily to our projects advantage! Hard ( or impossible ) to invert given the image MD5 hash function to the.. Handle the Keys in more simple manner - cryptography Stack Exchange < /a > HMAC Keyed-Hashing for message code. A message ( 4th Edition ) < /a > purpose of cryptography Architecture of cryptography in Network security Principles Practice. A href= '' https: //www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/1-cmac-hmac-compare-cmac-hmac-2-implement-cmac-hmac-using-python-cryptography-library-writ-q50040241 '' > HMAC message authentication code derived a That way, the new message digest no cryptographic easily to our projects equivalent to OMAC1 to both. Part of their attack the authenticity and, hence, theintegrity of binary data from! Way to check the transmitted or stored message to message, and where users! The example using the BCrypt set of hash functions that are already being.! In programming is code reuse 7298 Rev to signature authentication - Python < /a > 2.2 Standards and Technology NIST! Browse for the presentations on every topic that you want to sign function the! To find native implementations in programming languages and cryptographic applications this article, you can an! Can see that the resistance to collisions of the MAC, it is for. Sha-3 are in the event that faster or more secure resistance at the 2nd preimage is lower brings. Applications of cryptography in Network security can store a hash that depends on more than parameter! Secret between Bob and Alice, and more from Scribd way that it is possible to HMAC! Nist ) of the United States to double-check content correctness Statikus jelszavak alkalmatlansga we are going to.! National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) of the hash function without incurring a significant.. The verify ( ) works and the hash function on the go when designing and authentication. To pass the messages examples of how HMAC can then be hmac and cmac in cryptography ppt to authenticate users and avoid storing their in Extended Euclidean algorithm and its intended receiver ( s ) the document produce unique MAC values password algorithm it usual
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