Spiritualism would gain a much larger following after the heavy number of casualties during the Civil War; First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln was a believer. Patriotic feelings were aroused by Francis Scott Key's poem The Star-Spangled Banner. Seventy-one of the world's Fortune 500 companies have their corporate headquarters in New York City, while Midtown Manhattan with 400 million square feet of office space in 2018, is the largest central business district in the world. Britain's alliance with the Native Americans ended, and the Indians were the major losers of the war. [100] The Amish speak a dialect of German known as Pennsylvania German. Although landfalls are rare, the Eastern Seaboard is susceptible to hurricanes in the Atlantic hurricane season, officially running from June 1 to November 30, although hurricanes can occur before or after these dates. [50], There has been a long running racial tension between black and Hispanic prison gangs, as well as significant prison riots in which gangs have targeted each other. The Northeast region eventually found itself under British rule until the 1770s when the colonists revolted and declared themselves the United States of America. While the formal registers draw vocabulary from Sanskrit and Arabic & Persian respectively, the colloquial forms are indistinguishable. In the election of 1828, Jackson defeated Adams by an overwhelming electoral majority in the first presidential election since 1800 to mark a wholesale voter rejection of the previous administration's policies. Cherokee is the Iroquoian language spoken by the Cherokee people, and the official language of the Cherokee Nation. 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Over much of central Canada, these Precambrian rocks are exposed at the surface and form the continents single largest topographical region, the formidable and ice-scoured Canadian Shield. To cover the vast and varied terrain under their jurisdiction, they use Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors, special service SUVs, horses, K-9 units, helicopters, snowmobiles, dirt bikes, and boats. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Ever since the Treaty of Paris 42 years earlier, Britain had barred American merchantmen from doing business in its islands in the West Indies, although smugglers frequently evaded this ban. [34] The 1995 murder of Stephanie Kuhen in Los Angeles led to condemnation from President Bill Clinton and a crackdown on Los Angeles-area gangs. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789.Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the national frame of government. Many other languages are also spoken at home, especially Spanish 88-577; the National Forest Management Act, P.L. Federalist support was concentrated in the major Northern cities and South Carolina. The 14 states that have a shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean are, from north to south, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Dix's report to the Massachusetts state legislature along with the development of the Kirkbride Plan helped to alleviate the miserable conditions for many of the mentally ill. [67] However, scandals surrounding the personal lives of English contemporaries Catharine Macaulay and Mary Wollstonecraft pushed feminist authorship into private correspondence from the 1790s through the early decades of the nineteenth century. Although these elements are not entirely independent of one another, each produces on a map patterns that are so profoundly different that essentially they remain two separate geographies. [9] On the Lower East Side of New York, these immigrant groups formed into gangs in an area known as the Five Points. Insurance in the United States refers to the market for risk in the United States, the world's largest insurance market by premium volume. As the Mesabi iron was a major source of Americas industrial wealth, its agricultural prosperity has been rooted in Midwestern loess. Major events in the western movement of the U.S. population were the Homestead Act, a law by which, for a nominal price, a settler was given title to 160 acres (65ha) of land to farm; the opening of the Oregon Territory to settlement; the Texas Revolution; the opening of the Oregon Trail; the Mormon Emigration to Utah in 184647; the California Gold Rush of 1849; the Colorado Gold Rush of 1859; and the completion of the nation's First Transcontinental Railroad on May 10, 1869. United States, officially United States of America, abbreviated U.S. or U.S.A., byname America, country in North America, a federal republic of 50 states. [6] The Compromise of 1790 located the national capital in a district to be defined in the South (the District of Columbia), and enabled the federal assumption of state debts. Notable Finnish Americans include U.S. Communist Party leader Gus Hall, film director Renny Harlin, and the Canadian-born actress Pamela Anderson. In the election campaign that followed, the bank question caused a fundamental division between the merchant, manufacturing and financial interests (generally creditors who favored tight money and high interest rates), and the laboring and agrarian sectors, who were often in debt to banks and therefore favored an increased money supply and lower interest rates. Operations are divided into two major functional areas: Uniformed Law Enforcement Officers (LEOs) enforce federal laws and regulations governing national forest lands and resources. 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In a 1990 demographic consensus, 3% of surveyed citizens claimed descent from Dutch settlers. It was one of several main contributors to American Sign Language. It is home to famous hospitals, sports venues, colleges, and past presidents. The anger over abolition even spilled over into Congress where a gag rule was instituted to prevent any discussion of slavery on the floor of either chamber. Russian is also spoken by immigrant populations. French is spoken across ethnic and racial lines by people who identify as Cajun or Louisiana Creole as well as Chitimacha, Houma, Biloxi, Tunica, Choctaw, Acadians, and French among others. Besides the 48 conterminous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent, the United States includes the state of Alaska, at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii, The Great Plains were built by successive layers of poorly cemented sand, silt, and graveldebris laid down by parallel east-flowing streams from the Rocky Mountains. Abortion in the United States and its territories is a divisive issue in American politics and culture wars, with widely different abortion laws in U.S. states.Since 1976, the Republican Party has generally sought to restrict abortion access based on the stage of pregnancy or to criminalize abortion, whereas the Democratic Party has generally defended access to abortion and has made Philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson began the American transcendentalist movement in New England, to promote self-reliance and better understanding of the universe through contemplation of the over-soul. Keres has 11,000 speakers in New Mexico and is a language isolate. [62], Other groups seeking spiritual awakening also gained popularity in the mid-19th century. It lacked national, sectional, or party following commensurate with its bigness. As of 2013, around 580,000 Americans spoke Polish at home. Even before the nullification issue had been settled, another controversy arose to challenge Jackson's leadership. The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.. Hindi and Urdu are widely spoken among the Indian and Pakistani communities in the United States as a first or second language. [15] By the early 1930s, however, these immigrant-dominated gangs largely died out. [8] It has been shaped by the Pleistocene glaciation in the far northern areas in New England, with offshore islands such as Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, Block Island, and Fishers Island. [14], These domestic difficulties were compounded by international complications: France, angered by American approval in 1795 of the Jay Treaty with its great enemy Britain proclaimed that food and war material bound for British ports were subject to seizure by the French navy. South Carolina, the President declared, stood on "the brink of insurrection and treason", and he appealed to the people of the state to reassert their allegiance to that Union for which their ancestors had fought. [46] The party then merged into the new Whig Party. Historians have emphasized that upward social mobility came in small steps over time, and over generations, with the Carnegie-like rags-to-riches scenario a rare one. [37] According to a 2006 Texas Monthly article by Skip Hollandsworth, many street gangs in Texas have no organized command structures. [38], A popular urban legend called the Muhlenberg legend claims that German was almost made an official language of the United States but lost by one vote. [citation needed] Another noteworthy Finnish community in the United States is found in Lake Worth, Florida, north of Miami. The former painted himself as a war hero and the champion of the masses against Northeastern elites while the latter argued that he was a man of education and social grace against an uncouth, semi-literate backwoodsman. The information and technology produced through basic and applied science programs is available to the public for its benefit and use. It was also used to threaten war with Britain, but President Polk negotiated a compromise that divided the Oregon Country half and half. 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