Get a load of these trumped-up tests employed to suss out supernatural mischief. In cases where a possessed person fell into spells or fits, the suspected witch would be brought into the room and asked to a lay a hand on them. The recipe was pretty simple: Take a sample of the victims urine, some rye-meal, a sprinkle of ashes, mix them all together, and bake. An 81-year-old man was accidentally killed, pressed to death by stones during torture. Photo by jjandames CC BY 2.0. 5 Lord's Prayer Test This was a literal test of faith. 8th - 9th grade . Another witch test that was used during the infamous Salem Witch Trials of 1692 was the "touch test." Cotton Mather, an influential Puritan minister in 17th-century New England, defended the prayer test as one of the most reliable ways to detect a witch, according to a letter he sent to a judge: This twisted test of public speaking ability was commonly used as hard evidence in witch trials. If they made an error, they were a witch. One of the most notorious cases of mass hysteria broke-out in Colonial Massachusetts, between February, 1692, and May, 1693. The touch test was most famously employed during the Salem witch trials of 1692. Witch Finder General, from a broadside published by Matthew Hopkins before 1650. Put to the test: In Europe, so-called witch-finders (i.e. These trials were unfair, corrupt, and biased. If the girl didnt react, all was good; but if she became calm, it was proof that the suspect had placed them under a spell. More and more accusations were made, but many of the accused witches were able to evade getting caught. Mary Eastey (age 58): Sister of Rebecca Nurse. According to the Malleus Maleficarum (1486), reciting the Lord's Prayer was one of a number of remedies guaranteed to drive away incubi and succubi and nullify bewitchments of men and beasts. Bridget Bishop (around age 60): The first to be tried and executed. Touch tests played a famous part in the 1662 trial of Rose Cullender and Amy Denny, two elderly English women charged with bewitching a pair of young girls. Martha Corey is one of the most famous victims in the Witch Trials due to being such a prominent woman in the local community. Put to the test: In 1662, two elderly English women, Rose Cullender and Amy Denny, were charged with bedeviling a pair of girls, who responded by clenching their fists so tightly during seizures, their digits couldnt be pried apart. She was also a very active member of their children, and was very well-liked and respected. Romans beating Greeks at sea, Curious History Photo of the First Modern Flushable Toilet, Confederate Statues: Presentism vs. Progress, PUBLISHED: Transcendence of Witnessing: An Immigrants Odyssey Reaches the Last Stop, How to Manage Store Display and Keep Track of Large Coin Collection & Supplies, Marxism and Collapse Web Presentation (Reading) / Link https://www.scribd.com/document/534627347/M. During the Salem Witch Trials, the accused sorcerer George Burroughs flawlessly recited the prayer from the gallows just before his execution. During the Salem Witch Trials, the accused sorcerer George Burroughs flawlessly recited the prayer from the gallows just before his execution. 15 minutes ago by. History. The community were also deeply troubled by the accusations against Rebecca Nurse, as she was also a devoted member of the church in Salem Town. Witch swimming derived from the trial by water, an ancient practice where suspected criminals and sorcerers were thrown into rushing rivers to allow a higher power to decide their fate. Rhetoric is only as potent as its source material - this is why any allusion to the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 is so effective. Giles Corey (age 60): WAS NOT EXECUTED. The Salem Martyr Thomas Slatterwhite Noble, 1869. Learn. She was never charged, but was kept in prison for nearly nine months, and was so traumatized by what she experienced that she was never able to fully recover, and was never able to go off and live a normal life. They believed that a possessed person would either not draw any blood or much blood, so they would constantly prick multiple areas of the body until they got the results they were looking for. What comes immediately to min. Giles, the husband of highly respected Martha Corey, was being tortured into giving a confession. The Lord's Prayer test is a test that the judges in our town of Salem use to know if an accused person is a witch or not. However, this obviously never ever worked, so whenever this test would fail, theyll go off and conduct another test. Some historians believe that the horrific events that occurred in Salem Town left a good message upon the world. Salem Witch Trials The Salem witch trials in colonial America were conducted due to deep-rooted superstitions, mass hysteria, religious extremism, and the supernatural beliefs that Satan was among those on Earth. If they were lighter than the bible, they were deemed to be a witch. How many people were hanged by the Salem witch trials? On March 23, 1692, a warrant was issued for the arrest of four-year-old Dorothy Good of Salem Village on "suspition of acts of Witchcraft.". Called pressing, the subject is placed beneath heavy stones, meant to literally crush you into submission. Gallows Hill was discovered on a rocky outcropping located near a Walgreens in Salem. 6 Tests to Identify a Witch, Andrei Tapalaga, History of Yesterday, Jul 17, 2020. She likely died by being tortured. People in Salem, Massachusetts, as well as across the pond, were blamed for all sorts of malevolent misconduct back in the day. The Lord's Prayer Test- the accused were told to say the Lord's Prayer. This form of evidence was somehow enough to convict several accused during the time it was deemed plausible. THE WITCH TESTS WERE NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE TO PASS. Play this game to review English. Martha Corey, illustration by John W. Ehninger. An accused "witch" in the Salem witch trials. Much of the evidence used against the accused witches was spectral evidence, which was basically images and aspirations of the accused being seen by the afflicted, and the afflicted would claim that this aspiration inflicted a curse upon them. English, Social Studies. This is also an effective means to brainwash someone into believing a lie, anything to make the inhumanity cease. brittanybecker. Barbara Stepko is a New Jersey-based freelance editor and writer who has contributed to AARP magazine and the Wall Street Journal. Elizabeth Howe (age late 50s): Accused of cursing her neighbor and their live-stock. During the hysteria that preceded the Salem Witch Trials, the slave Tituba famously helped prepare a witch cake to identify the person responsible for bewitching young Betty Parris and others. However, the court wanted to make sure their reactions were genuine, so they had the girls blindfolded and touched by other members of the court. Theres a lot of factors that went into why the Witch Trials occurred, ranging between racism, lack of medical knowledge, and discrimination due to gender and social status. Also having flying broomsticks, talking black cats, and pointy hats would be instant red flags (at least in the Harry Potter universe). Not much information about her. The Prayer Test. Mother-In-Law of George Burroughs. (When an accusation of flying was made, he noted, tongue firmly in cheek, that there was no law against it.) Medieval wisdom held that witches were incapable of speaking scripture aloud, so accused sorcerers were made to recite selections from the Bibleusually the Lords Prayerwithout making mistakes or omissions. George Jacobs Sr. (age early 70s): Arrested along with his granddaughter, who was spared after accusing him. The Lord's Prayer is used in exorcism of possession. Match. This test was also heavily used in European countries, and it was a terrible test to use against people who had trouble with their speech. They were usually beheaded or hung, and on occasion, they would be burned on the stake, but only after their deaths to ensure they didn't rise from the grave. (Nurses Sister-In-Law). Pricking Test - The accused were poked and scratched by their alleged victims until they bled. 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To ensure the reaction was genuine, judges had the children blindfolded and touched by other members of the court. Here are ten ways their verdict was ascertained: In this voodoo-inspired test, the ingredients of said cake were rye meal and urine from the girls said to be afflicted by the witchs evil incantations. On April 30th, George Burroughs, Lydia Dustin, Susannah Martin, Dorcas Hoar, Sarah Morey, and Phillip English (Mayrs husband) were arrested. However, that unfortunately didnt save the two women, and they were executed anyway. Here is everything you need to know about the dark history that lurked the grounds of Salem Town. Puritans believed that God had the ultimate power and had power over everyones lives, and the Puritan Religion revolved around the good nature of God, and the wickedness of the devil. Created by. George Burroughs (age early 40s): Previously the minister of Salem Village, arrested in Maine and brought back to Salem for trial. The girls unclenched their fists again proof positive that they were indeed faking. 2022 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Others wielded specially designed needles sharp on one end, blunted on the other. He refused to give a plea each of the several times he was asked, and was ultimately crushed to death by the stones, which, as it turned out, were more likely to speak than he was. If the victim's afflictions were relieved, that was proof that the accused was guilty of witchcraft. a) 95: c) 140 : b) 64: d) None of the above : 2. Fanciful representation of the Salem witch trials, lithograph from 1892. While it may have simply been a sign that the suspected witch was illiterate or nervous, any errors were viewed as proof that the speaker was in league with the devil. In 1712, Jane Wenham who was an accused witch had trouble speaking the words, forgive us our tresspasses, and lead us not into temptation. She was assumed to be a witch since she couldnt flawlessly speak the prayer, thus being possessed by The Devil. One might say, water was not a witchs friend. The group of 'bewitched' young girls at the heart of the trials were kept in isolation at the . She and her husband Giles Corey sat in on the Witch Trials a few times, and Martha expressed her skepticism of the trials and tried to defend the women who were accused, saying she did not believe they were witches. Not surprisingly, most were con artists who used sleight of hand to expose witchery. Lydia Dustin (late 60s): Widowed. Things got worse: Titubas supposed knowledge of spells was used as evidence against her by the two girls. The victim typically had a rope tied around their waist so they could be pulled from the water if they sank, but it wasnt unusual for accidental drowning deaths to occur. This stomach-turning concoction was then fed to a dogthe familiars, or animal helpers, of witchesin the hope that the beast would fall under its spell and reveal the name of the guilty sorcerer. and urine from the girls said to be afflicted by the witch's evil incantations. The last of the Salem witch trials was held in May of 1693. Also known as charging, this test involved forcing the accused witch to verbally order the devil to let the possessed victim come out of their fit or trance. Others were accused of witchcraft in March: Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse, Rachel Clinton, and Dorothy Good, the four year old child of Sarah Good. Torture methods in both Europe and Salem were horrible, normally consisting of burning, dunking, cutting, severe sleep deprivation, pressing, the Heretics Fork, the Pear of Anguish, Iron Maiden, Witches Brittle, The Rack, The Iron Boot, The Scavengers Daughter, The Bastinado, The Jougs, sexual embarrassment, and general restriction and torture. According to this logic, an innocent person would sink like a stone, but a witch would simply bob on, the surface. Terms in . In 1712, it was applied in the case Jane. Infant Daughter of Sarah Good: Born in jail, died before her mother was executed. Wikimedia Commons. This religion was also very discriminatory towards women, as around 78% of all accused witches were women. In April, Sarah Cloyce (Rebeccas sister), and Elizabeth Proctor were arrested. One method was dunking, in which the accused would be held under water repeatedly until they were successfully broken down. The judge had the three order each individual girl to be relieved of the demon that possessed them, and when the girls would each suddenly stop throwing a fit, and were apparently cured, the three were convicted and executed. Arrest warrants were sent out for 36 more people, while examinations for the following people were continuing in Salem Village: Sarah Dustina (Lydia Dustins daughter), Anne Sears, Bethiah Carter Sr and her daughter Bethiah Carter Jr, George Jacobs Sr, his grandaughter Margaret Jacobs, John Willard, Alice Parker, Anne Pudeator, Abigail Soames, George Jacobs Jr (son of George Jacobs Sr, and father of Margaret), Daniel Andrew, Rebecca Jacobs (wife of George Jacobs Jr, sister of Daniel), Sarah Buckley and her daughter Mary Witheridge. (Speaking of dogs, two dogs were also accused and found guilty of Witchcraft and were also executed). Cullender and Denny were both later hanged as witches. The most bizarre test of them all was The Witch Cake Test: A cake would be made with rye flour and the urine of the accused witch, or anyone with the symptoms (psychological behavior) that started the witch hunt to begin with. The girls STILL proceeded to unclench their fists when touched, which showed the girls were faking. The five main beliefs in this religion included: absolute sovereignty, human depravity, predestination, covenant theory, and individualism. They believed that regardless of the amount of power and control that God had over everyone, The Devil still had the ability to control people who were weak and easily manipulated to feed into his evil temptations. Sarah Goods four year old Daughter, Dorothy Good, who was accused of witchcraft was also spared. That cinched it: Suttons hands and feet were bound together, then with men on either side of the pond holding opposite ends of the rope, she was tossed into the muck. The girls would also complain about pain similar to being pricked with needles. The finished dish was fed to a dog (pooches were thought to be the canine cohorts of witches). Any errors (no do-overs here!) Grid View Contrary to popular belief, most of the women tried as witches during the year-long Salem Witch trials were not burned at the stake. This can be confusing, because while there is no "witch-power", witchcraft does incorporate magical thinking and behavior. . A know-it-all neighbor of the Parris family, Mary Sibley, suggested the making of a cake to reveal whether witchcraft was involved. The accused would have to read the lord's prayer and . There was no favorable result in this test; essentially the alleged witch would be bound at the hands and feet - with heavy rocked attached - and thrown into a body of water. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. However, even speaking the prayer with no trouble at all couldnt always save you from being executed. Still, even a successful prayer test didnt guarantee an acquittal. Most of the accused in Salem were actually children and teenagers between the ages of 1220. Of course there was nothing to stop accusers of making up stories just to see people they disliked or deemed strange taken away. Arrested after defending his wife, Elizabeth Proctor. In total, between 144 and 185 people were accused of witchcraft. The second most common test was The Pricking and Scratching Test: When no marks could be found on the persons body, they would normally prick multiple areas of the accuseds body with needles to see if they bled. In May, John Willard and Elizabeth Colson were arrested. Edit. It all started with Betty Parris and her cousin Abigail Williams (ages 9 & 11), the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris. It was believed that only The Devil could allow these aspirations to appear, even in dreams, and the accused witches wouldve needed The Devils permission to be seen, therefore they mustve been a witch. Tituba was an enslaved South American Indian woman from the West Indies who most likely became a target due to her ethnic differences compared to most of the other villagers. Another damning imperfection: a witches teat (believed to be an extra nipple allegedly used to suckle the witchs helper animals, but probably more of a wart). Portrait of Matthew Hopkins, The Celebrated Witch-finder from the 1837 edition of The Discovery of Witches. The Colonial Massachusetts 3. Still, even a successful prayer test didn't guarantee an acquittal. Answer: The Salem witch trials occurred in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Danvers, Massachusetts). Sarah Osborne (age 49): One of the first three people accused, died before her trial could even take place. Puritans believed that men and women were equal in the eyes of God, but not in the eyes of The Devil, and womens souls were seen as unprotected due to their weak and vulnerable minds and bodies. To be sure they werent being bamboozled, the girls were blindfolded and touched by other members of the court. This 19th century representation of Tituba and the Children by Alfred Fredericks, originally appeared in A Popular History of the United States, Vol. The practice was apparently a well-known folk practice in English culture of the time. Bridget Bishop was the first woman of a higher social standing to be tried, convicted, and hanged in Salem's Court of Oyer and Terminer. The premise here: Victims of sorcery were believed to react strangely when touched by their tormentor so when a possessed person went into one of their frenzies, the suspected witch would be instructed to a lay a hand on them. The performance was dismissed as a devil's trick, and the hanging proceeded as planned. Abigail, Deliverance, and Mary, all confessed and started making accusations against other alleged accomplices, which caused the arrests of Sarah Wildes, William Hobbs (Father of Abigail and husband of Deliverance), Nehemiah Abbott Jr, Mary Eastey (sister of Cloyce and Nurse), Mary English, Edward Bishop Jr, and his wife, Sarah Bishop. If they made an error, they were a witch. Photo by Wellcome imagesCC BY 4.0. One Brit, Matthew Hopkins, was actually given the moniker Witch Finder General. Seriously. Q. For two days Giles was pressed with rocks, more and more until his chest was crushed and he finally stopped breathing.
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