Resistance fighters have formed the Tigray Defence Forces (TDF), incorporating both TPLF and non-TPLF members. He said he did so in response to an attack on a military base housing government troops. 6 min read New images taken from space at night starkly show how the conflict in Ethiopia's northern Tigray region has left a population facing one of the world's. Eritrean soldiers are also fighting in Tigray for the Ethiopian the government. Only towns & border posts can have blue visible wikilink labels. Eritrea has renewed its involvement in Ethiopia's Tigray war, sending divisions across its southern border this week in what appears to be a major new offensive. Raleigh, [and] that can connect us all., Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali and First Lady Zinash Tayachew attend a luncheon in Addis Ababa, 2020. Abiy, for his part, accused the TPLF of initiating a military assault on the Northern Command army headquarters in the Tigrayan capital of Mekelle to obtain artillery and other weapons. Despite the severe lack of information from within Tigray, changes to the front lines in the TDF's battle against the federal government have come to be fairly well-documented through a combination of occasional news reporting and networks of well-informed conflict watchers on Twitter. Clionadh, Andrew Linke, Hvard Hegre and Joakim Karlsen. Read about our approach to external linking. Almost as soon as Abiy assumed the reins of leadership he had to contend with a wide range of hostilities and frictions: intra-Oromo tension, tensions between the Oromo and ethnic Somalis and Amhara, tensions between the Amhara and Tigrayans and the TPLF. The conflict started on 4 November, when Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed ordered a military offensive against regional forces in Tigray. Ethiopia is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country. 200,000 Italian soldiers commanded by Marshal Emilio De Bono attacked from their territory in Eritrea. The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, aka the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a war of aggression which was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from October 1935 to February 1937. In Jijiga and other parts of the Somali regional state, violence erupted on 4 August 2018, following attempts by the Ethiopian army to dismantle the ethnic Somali force, the Liyu police. Mengistu Haile Mariam became chairman of the Derg in 1977. When Meles Zenawi, a founding member of the TPLF and leader of the EPRDF, became the head of state of the new Ethiopian government in 1991, it heralded the rise of the oft-marginalized Tigrayans. The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Ethiopian wars and insurgencies detailed map/doc. Clionadh, Andrew Linke, Hvard Hegre and Joakim Karlsen. The New Africa Institute, meanwhile, claims that large sections of the media have willingly accepted poor information and not shown patience to wait for credible evidence. We need a sovereign and Ethiopian philosophy that stems from Ethiopians basic character that can solve our problems. Ethiopian Rebel Groups: TDF, OLA, and More? Kevin Hamilton, Beyond the Border War: The Ethio-Eritrean Conflict and International Mediation Efforts, Journal of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University Press, July 2000. Tigrayan fighters have advanced south and southwest, taking control of several towns in the area of Woldiya and Gondar. Ethiopia First destroyed any hope that Mengistu would address Tigrayans plight, and a number of ethno-nationalist groups willing to take up arms against the Derg emerged in the 1970s. October 11-13, 2021 The Ethiopian military launched an offensive against the TDF on all fronts. The United Nations reported that many farms have been destroyed. It's this hybrid force that has fought the Ethiopian government since late 2020, at first withdrawing to the countryside before sweeping back into control in mid-2021. twitter.com/MapEthiopia/st Show this thread 65 106 Show this thread Rebels from the Tigray region and the Ethiopian government resumed their talks in South Africa on Wednesday to "find a peaceful and lasting solution" to the conflict that has been . Some argue that the peoples of the southern provinces of modern Ethiopia, specifically the Oromo people who are the largest ethnic group in the country, are not a core community to Ethiopian civilization. Comments. However, this military challenge signaled the beginning of the end of Selassies grip on power. The Tigray University Students Association (TUSA) was formed in the early 1970s to persuade parliamentarians, businesspeople, and other Tigrayan leaders to improve the situation in Tigray. The objective of the TPLF is to force Ethiopian leaders to agree to their terms of a ceasefire. Information to editors: This file is completely based on the Template:Ethiopian wars and insurgencies detailed map. Yet, others contend that the homelands of the so-called Oromo invaders fall within the boundaries of modern Ethiopia and that a reading of history that excludes them from Ethiopian history promotes an ethno-centric bias that favors the northern highlands version. 531-542. These highlands are dominated culturally by the Semitic-speaking Amhara and Tigrayan peoples (Tigrayans constitute about six percent of Ethiopias population today). Variously described as rebels or as the elected government of Tigray region, their questionable track-record during their 30 years in power are never mentioned., He opines that the war in Tigray has garnered so much attention in the West simply because Abiy was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The following is a timeline of territorial control changes and other key The OLA, which the Ethiopian government calls "OLF/Shene", claims to have captured dozens of towns and villages in western and southern Oromia over the past six months, though next to none of those claims have been either confirmed or denied by the government or independent journalists. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: (SVG file, nominally 1,843 1,494 pixels, file size: 1.12 MB), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0, Template:Ethiopian wars and insurgencies detailed map, Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, User:Magog the Ogre/Maps of conflicts/2021 December, User:Magog the Ogre/Maps of conflicts/2021 November, User:Magog the Ogre/Maps of conflicts/2022 August, User:Magog the Ogre/Maps of conflicts/2022 February, User:Magog the Ogre/Maps of conflicts/2022 January, User:Magog the Ogre/Maps of conflicts/2022 June, User:Magog the Ogre/Maps of conflicts/2022 October, File:Location of Tigray Defense Forces.png, History of the federal government of Ethiopia, (2020- ), https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Rr016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ethiopian_Civil_War_(2020-present).svg&oldid=703295106, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Removed temporary reference screenshot within file. The big issues facing Egypt's COP27 climate summit, The surprising truth about the Philistines, South Koreans demand justice for Itaewon dead, 'There really is more to life than posting on Instagram', Why mourners are opting to scatter ashes by drone. Subpages of this template. Meanwhile, Mr Abiy ended a long-standing territorial dispute with neighbouring Eritrea, earning him a Nobel Peace Prize in 2019. Letay Girmay, a resident of Hawzen (Tigray Region), recounts burying the bodies of civilians after battles in her town, June 2021. Powered by, Rebel Advance on Addis Ababa - and Subsequent Retreat. The Ambulance and Emergency Service reported that 17 cases were injured as a result of the explosion of a smuggling fuel tank in the city of Sabha, pointing out that they were taken to public hospitals and private clinics in the city, denying the existence of any critical case among the injuries. Prior to 1855, Ethiopia was a country divided, with no powerful central authority. The TPLF also called out the prime minister for his "unprincipled" friendship with Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki, who has since sent troops to support Mr Abiy in Tigray. Template:Ethiopian wars and insurgencies detailed map Labels Only towns & border posts can have blue visible wikilink labels. The fourth area of tension was between Abiys government and leaders of the TPLF. OLA rebel activity in southern Ethiopia, not shown on the above map, is excluded from this timeline. File usage on Commons. Video, Looking for clues in video of forgotten massacre, Why mourners are opting to scatter ashes by drone. Both sides then designated each other as "illegitimate". Less than two months after Abiys installation as prime minister, the International Crisis Group, an independent organization pursuing peace, noted that Abiy faced grave challenges from ethnic conflict: Longstanding grievances among Ethiopias ethnic groups are becoming more acute. Meanwhile, the lower-level unit that we call a "district" here is also often called by its Amharic language name, "woreda". In its initial armed resistance, the TPLF fought and defeated two rival groups in the province: in the west, a large group comprised of the former nobility (who were intent on reestablishing control of the lands); in the east, the Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Party, a student-led socialist movement. In the respective colours: Stable mixed control Rural presence Contested Strategic hill Oilfield/Gasfield Military base or checkpoint Airport/Air base (plane) Heliport/Helicopter base Major port or naval base Border post Dam. A simplification of the Tigray People's Liberation Front's flag. The TDF, while closely associated with the remnants of the TPLF proper, is a combination of former Tigray state security forces, defected federal soldiers, local militias, and wartime volunteers from both inside and outside the TPLF party structure. A member of the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group, Mr Abiy made appeals to political reform, unity and reconciliation in his first speech as prime minister. For quick reference, this module is transcluded on the following: Template:Ethiopian wars and insurgencies detailed map; Labels. Whatever the outcome, it is increasingly clear that there is enough blame to go around. of Peace Research 47(5) 651-660. https://www.acleddata.com/, You'll only get emails from us, and only when we post a new article. The war has led to millions of people in Ethiopia needing aid The two sides in Ethiopia's civil war have begun formal peace talks for the first time since the conflict started nearly two. While much has been said about the northern front, where the ar. Fighting continues in #Ethiopia, where rebel groups are advancing on the capital Addis Ababa. According to scholar Yohannes Woldemariam, this alliance left a deep scar in the psyche of Tigrayans. A second Woyane developed into a 15-year war the TPFL waged against the Derg regime (1974-1991). 19 Oct. Ethiopia army seizes three towns in Tigray. Furthermore, journalists have been banned and phone and internet services have been severed in the region. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. But now it is war and starvation that is drawing attention to Ethiopia. The Prime Minister on the other hand has labelled the TPLF as a terrorist organization intent on secession. ( edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox ( create . Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishers. (2010). The Tigray War [b] is an armed conflict that began on 3 November 2020 [a] in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Ethiopian nationalism has its foundations in cultural and political symbols from the northern highlands of the country. All sides have been accused of atrocities. Tensions increased, and the eventual catalyst came when Tigrayan forces were accused of attacking army bases to steal weapons. 1998. Richard, Pankhurst. Tigray is a sparsely populated mountainous region Hyenas scavenging on the corpses of villagers, cities and towns hit in air strikes, elderly men and young women conscripted into armies - these are. John Young, Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia. Review of African Political Economy, Vol. Inner controls, outer sieges (or strong enemy pressure); Enemy pressure from one side, OLA presence in Ganji, Homa, and Lalo Asabi districts, OLA presence in Madda Walabu and Mena districts, OLA presence in Goro Doro and Liben districts, Ethiopian wars and insurgencies detailed map, How war map templates work with other parts of Wikipedia, Module:Ethiopian wars and insurgencies detailed map, Template:Ethiopian wars and insurgencies detailed map/doc, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ethiopian_wars_and_insurgencies_detailed_map&oldid=1117824742, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. In the realm of OLA control, the situation is much, much fuzzier - besides occasional reports of battles or human rights violations, there's essentially no information available other than propaganda linked to the rebel group itself. "The federal government is therefore forced into a military confrontation," he said. These moves won Mr Abiy popular acclaim, but caused unease among critics in Tigray. But his critics maintain that Abiy failed to deal with so-called extremists within his own Oromo ethnic community. The escalation came after months of feuding between Mr Abiy's government and leaders of Tigray's dominant political party. According to Western officials, Abiy launched an attack against Tigray as a punitive measure for defying his orders. [49] The war is primarily being fought by the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other. 18 Oct. Bloodbath warning as Ethiopia offensive escalates. 23, No. 4 min read Ethiopia's war in Tigray is entering a new phase, with rebels advancing to the region's western and southern edges and the army vowing to repel them, leaving. The war only became worse after this attempt at (literally) under-the-radar diplomacy. The EPRDF controlled Ethiopia for almost three decades and arguably became the largest and most powerful political party in Ethiopia, if not the entire continent of Africa. Well, this party - the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) - was influential in setting up this system. How war map templates work with other parts of Wikipedia. 6.75M subscribers Fighting from Tigray has spread to neighbouring regions sparking fears of another war in Ethiopia. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. Lawrence Freeman, a political and economic analyst who has conducted extensive research on Ethiopia, has complained that U.S. leaders are relying on dubious information rather than legitimate State Department or intelligence sources. Video, Why mourners are opting to scatter ashes by drone, The tragedy of Ethiopia's man-made famine, How a massacre in Ethiopias sacred city unfolded, 'I lost my hand when a soldier tried to rape me', According to researchers at Belgium's University of Ghent, Dogs gifted by North Korea's Kim may need new home, West urged to step up Ukraine air defence support, Cardinal among 11 French bishops accused of abuse, Stolen $3bn Bitcoin mystery ends with popcorn tin, Three leap from migrant rescue boat held in Italy. According to the NYT, the U.S. military aircraft carrying the diplomats entered Ethiopian airspace while "flying low and taking measures to avoid detection.". Ethiopia Map's own illustration of OLA control seems to be based on the same pro-OLA sources, and is admittedly out-of-date, making it not especially useful for mapping the insurgency in Oromia. Whether a town has a blue visible wikilink label or not will depend on its size, importance and available space around it for the label to appear without obstructing other towns. Jeff Pearce, a Canadian journalist, maintains that the conflict in Tigray is a war on two fronts. Yohannes Woldemariam, The Unenviable Situation of Tigreans in Ethiopia, Africa at LSE Blog https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2018/03/28/the-unenviable-situation-of-tigreans-in-ethiopia/. Eventually, discontent morphed into protest, leading to a government reshuffle that saw Mr Abiy appointed prime minister. . How war map templates work with other parts of Wikipedia. Many blame Abiy Ahmed Ali, prime minister of Ethiopia and Nobel Peace Prize laureate of 2019, for not only instigating the conflict but for stoking its fires long after they should have burned out. Suffolk: James Currey. In 1991, the TPLF successfully defeated the Derg, thus ending 16 years of military struggle and bringing to power the EPRDF coalition. His ascendancy demarcated a shift in power between ethnic groups and the new Tigrayan-dominated government instituted ethnic federalism. A conflict between the government of Ethiopia and forces in its northern Tigray region has thrown the country into turmoil. The insurgency was crushed in November of 1943 with forceful assistance from the British Royal Air Force. Human rights violations by all sides in the war, including extra-judicial killings, raping, looting and displacing people by force, have been documented by U.N. bodies, Ethiopia's. He sought refuge in England and appealed to the League of Nations. Mr. Saint turning out to be a Dr. Devil is a far juicier story.. The Axum University Referral Hospital constantly receives battle-wounded patients from the war, June 2021. Alex De Waal, Evil Days: 30 years of War and Famine in Ethiopia, Human Rights Report, 1991. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/05/world/africa/ethiopia-tigray-conflict-explained.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article. Before the outbreak of the current civil war, Ethiopia's Tigray state was under the government-sanctioned rule of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), a former rebel group that spent 27 years as Ethiopia's dominant political party until it was pushed out in 2018. From 1985 to 1988, the TPLF army was reorganized, and its forces increased with the founding of the Ethiopian Peoples Democratic Revolutionary Front (EPRDF), a coalition of ethnically based parties under TPLF domination (including representatives from the Amhara, Oromo, and southern ethnic groups). In 1955, he created a new constitution that consolidated his power and authority over the country. You may remember this dispute making headlines in 2018. Mr Abiy pursued reforms, but when Tigray resisted, the political crisis erupted into war. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Behind the motto Ethiopia First, Mengistu took a rigid stance against any ethnic or regional divisions as threats to Ethiopian unity and interests. Fighting has been going on since November 2020, destabilising the populous country in the Horn of Africa, leaving thousands of people dead with 350,000 others living in famine conditions. Most notable among these is Ethiopia Map (@MapEthiopia), which maintains their own detailed map of control lines, updating it frequently as new information comes in. Tens of thousands of them have sought refuge in neighbouring Sudan. A destroyed armored vehicle on the streets of Hawzen in June 2021. Opinions have polarized concerning why the conflict continues. Ethiopia is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country. They are too messy and convoluted. Africa. Since 1994, Ethiopia has had a federal system in which different ethnic groups control the affairs of 10 regions. Ethiopia news on live map and Ethiopian crime, politics, military, security, technology noticies in Engish . As a followup to the three Tigray war maps we've published as guest features from Daniel of Passport Party, PolGeoNow is pleased to present our new in-house map of control in Ethiopia's ongoing civil war. The feud came to a head in September, when Tigray defied the central government to hold its own regional election. This page was last edited on 23 October 2022, at 19:49. 2019 Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. The Oromo have been labeled as invaders, and conversely some Oromo consider the Amhara as colonizers. File usage on other wikis. 1991. As Africa's second-most populous country, Ethiopia is pivotal to stability in the Horn of Africa. The EPLF support for the TPLF was contingent upon the latter accepting the position that Eritrea was a colony and had a right to secede from Ethiopia. A surprise deal has been reached in the Ethiopian civil war with both sides agreeing to halt their two-year conflict which led to thousands of deaths and warnings of a famine. 16 Oct. 'A military drone is flying over my city as I write'. This screenshot you insert temporarily at the file, put it in the right size under the marks and then look at the streets and the borders, if it's at the right place. But. First, Abiy had to contend with rivals and even some former allies in his home state of Oromia. The new map shows Tigray rebel control both today and at its greatest extent last November, while also highlighting a second insurgency by allied rebel group the Oromo Liberation Army. But the TDF isn't the only rebel group aiming for territorial control in Ethiopia - another major player, the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), has risen in prominence during the TDF's resurgence, battling federal forces across the country's west, center, and south. (2010). Timeline compiled with the help of the ACLED database: Raleigh, Timeline entries citing the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project are indicated by mention of "ACLED" (see footnote for formal citation), and sources for all other entries are provided as in-line links within the text. Olivia Attwood withdraws from I'm a Celebrity. From 1998 to 2000, Ethiopia and Eritrea fought a war that killed thousands on both sides, which led to a long, dangerous stalemate and a total freeze in cooperation. This snub was followed by further escalations. Introducing ACLED - Armed Conflict Location and Event Data. Journal Still, it and the rebels' own press releases at OLA Communiqu, which come across as internally consistent and reasonably plausible, have proven valuable for mapping out at least what the OLA's supporters claim it controls. You hardly, if ever, see a story in the mainstream news about the TPLF guerrillas themselves.. The conflict in the northern Ethiopian province of Tigray entered its second year in November 2021 with no end in sight. We've also made liberal use of the "mixed or unclear control" coloring in areas broadly thought to be affected by the insurgency, on the premise that it's impossible to confirm what degree of authority either the OLA or the government hold there, and that it seems plausible neither party can assert full control over the countryside and wilderness (though the towns themselves, when marked in black, are indeed thought to be more or less under full government control). The International Crisis Group Reports on Ethiopia, Sept. 2018- Present, Jeff Pearce- Blog: Ethiopia: The Bogeyman Gets Smaller, May 26, 2021 (https://jeffpearce.medium.com/ethiopia-the-bogeyman-gets-smaller-501a51e3fe9a), New Africa Institute, https://www.newafricainstitute.org/ (May 2021). The story of a Nobel Peace Prize laureate waging war is simply too good to refuse. Africa. Contested; Stable mixed control The first formal peace talks aimed at ending two years of war between the Ethiopian army and forces from the country's northern region of Tigray started in South Africa on Tuesday and will end on . File:Tigray War territory July 2021.svg. So Mr Abiy dissolved the coalition in 2019 - but the TPLF refused to join his new Prosperity Party. In Ethiopia, 2019 feels like a long time ago. Polls have since been held in some parts of the country. And yet Ethiopia Map has consistently proven itself reliable for keeping up with events as well as estimating lines of control more detailed than what can be deduced from mainstream news reporting. In the 1970s and 1980s their party, the TPLF, fought a war to seize control of the government from a military junta. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The State Department on Wednesday authorized the departure of non-emergency government personnel and family members from Ethiopia "due to armed conflict, civil unrest, and possible supply. The victims, however, are the Ethiopian people. PM Abiy Ahmed Ali has ordered National Defense Forces to 'start military offensive against TPLF.". Numerous noblemen held de facto power. Given complete power, he launched a campaign known as the Red Terror and eliminated political opponents by either imprisoning or summarily executing them. Tigray argued, at the time, that the central government had not been tested in a national election since Mr Abiy's appointment as prime minister. A U.N. official is urging tech companies to do everything possible to stop the onslaught of hate speech fueling the war in Ethiopia's north, where a violent war pits federal troops and their allies . While the Ethiopian federal government still refers to the Tigrayan rebels as the TPLF - which it now considers an illegal terrorist organization - they're more precisely referred to as the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF). However, his rule was challenged when a section of the army took control of the capital in December 1960. These segments of the army deposed Selassie and established a military government, known as the Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army. (Themba Hadebe/The Associated Press) Ethiopia's warring sides formally agreed Wednesday to a permanent cessation of hostilities in a two-year conflict with victims counted in the hundreds of. The northern highlands of Amhara and Tigray are called habash, which has the same derivation as Abyssinia. In May 1943, Tigrayan rebels launched an insurgency called Woyane, a term denoting resistance and unity. The OLA, focused on Ethiopia's sprawling Oromia state, is formed from a dissident faction of the former Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), which entered legal politics after a peace deal with the federal government in 2018. He has given free rein to ethnic separatist groups to run roughshod over the country, and the most egregious act of these groups has been to launch a military campaign against the Tigray province in northwestern Ethiopia. Abiy created the Prosperity Party ostensibly to mitigate and ultimately eliminate the ethnic tensions that had been plaguing the country for years. The Ethiopian Civil War: Untangling domestic and international repercussions. Once in power, Abiy moved. To zoom into the image after you opened it, hold ctrl and scroll in/out with your mouse. The political stagnation of the government, coupled with famine and increasing unemployment emboldened members of the army to organize a military takeover of Ethiopia in 1974. Washington, District of Columbia Stay informed and read the latest news today from The Associated Press, the definitive source for independent journalism from every corner . The forces that kept them at least partly in check are loosening, and all around the country groups that see each other as competitors are jostling for power.. The TPLF and Eritrea have a history of hostile relations: Eritrea fought a brutal, decade-long war of independence against Ethiopia in the 1980s and 1990s, when the TPLF held power in. At the time, Tigray's administration said this amounted to a "declaration of war". A conflict between the government of Ethiopia and forces in its northern Tigray region has thrown the country into turmoil. Meles Zenawi at the "Grow Africa: Transforming African Agriculture" Session at the World Economic Forum on Africa held in Ethiopia, 2012. Great Power politics and a crumbling federal system implicate the Civil War in Ethiopia. 2022 BBC. To be able to add marks and icons at the correct place, I recommend you to make a screenshot (alt gr + print). Graphic of Ethiopian flag is in the public domain (source). https://twitter.com/reda_getachew/status/1439295084206362625?lang=en. His agenda was spurred by the demands of protesters who felt Ethiopia's political elite had obstructed a transition to democracy. Unlike our previous Tigray reports, which featured maps by our colleague Daniel of Passport Party, the new map featured in this article is a fully in-house production of PolGeoNow - though Daniel has very kindly reviewed the map and contributed some helpful corrections and suggestions prior to publication. Ethiopian government and Tigray rebels agree ceasefire ending two-year war - video report Jason Burke in Johannesburg and agencies Wed 2 Nov 2022 13.19 EDT Last modified on Wed 2 Nov 2022 17.31 EDT Original file (SVG file, nominally 1,843 1,494 pixels, file size: 1.12 MB). Introducing ACLED - Armed Conflict Location and Event Data. Journal He contends that the Western media was positively salivating over the prospect of war and expecting a nice, long one. Additionally, the media have created an oppressor-versus-victim narrative. His new Prosperity party file is completely based on the streets of Hawzen in June 2021 to ashes. 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