Wagner Z, Heft-Neal S, Wise PH, Black RE, Burke M, Boerma T, Bhutta ZA, Bendavid E. Lancet Glob Health. hasContentIssue true, The Effects of Armed Conflict on Investment Treaties, Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law: 169, Table of International Agreements and Documents, Table of Domestic Instruments and Documents, Investment Protection and the Role of International Humanitarian Law, Investment Protection Standards during Armed Conflict, Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law:169, Part III - Investment Protection Standards during Armed Conflict, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009207805.006, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. [ 9, 15 - 20] we undertook a Epub 2016 Dec 10. Search for other works by this author on: Address correspondence to Ayesha Kadir, MD, MSc, FAAP. The signatories have initiated and developed activities and methods to address psychological effects of armed conflicts and violence. Armed conflict is both a toxic stress and a significant social determinant of child health. World Development Report. Reports from Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan offer just a few examples.46,48 In 2014, 603 health workers were killed and an additional 958 were injured in attacks in 32 countries.49 The trend has become so common that the World Health Organization has developed a monitoring system to track these attacks and their effects.49, The kinds of injuries children sustain from armed conflict vary depending on the nature of combat, with all age groups being affected. The direct effects of conflict include death, physical and psychological trauma, and displacement. Protects persons who do not, or no longer take part in hostilities. Merita Dacutanan, who depends on planting rice and corn to feed her family, finds life to be very difficult. Armed conflict is a major cause of injury and death worldwide, but we need much better methods of quantification before we can accurately assess its effect. The effects are both direct and indirect and are associated with immediate and long-term harm. Copyright American Academy of Pediatrics. Conflicts affect negatively education, rates, undernourishment, life expectancy, GDP per capita rates, and infant mortality rates. World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision. Documenting the Effects of Armed Conflict on Population Health Sierra Leones former child soldiers: a follow-up study of psychosocial adjustment and community reintegration. 2019 Dec;7(12):e1622-e1631. The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: protective processes and pathways to resilience. These clauses convey such a right, among others, in case of requisitioning or unnecessary destruction at the hands of the states authorities or armed forces. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Education Monitoring Report, No More Excuses: Provide Education to All Forcibly Displaced People, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: a systematic review. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org The conditions created by armed conflict compromise key public health functions, including vaccine delivery, health surveillance, and disease outbreak investigation,82,88 resulting in increased rates of infectious disease transmission.89 Previously eradicated, vaccine-preventable diseases may reemerge in conflict-affected areas, as evidenced by an outbreak of polio in the Syrian Arab Republic in 2013.89,90 Similarly, there is a clear relationship between violent conflict and the incidence of HIV and/or AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.89 Countries experiencing high levels of armed conflict or political terror are also vulnerable to other diseases associated with crowding, population displacement, and lack of access to health care, such as the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis.82 Indeed, there is a direct dose-response relationship between the intensity of violent conflict and the incidence of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.82, Food may be used as a weapon of war, and the effect of food insecurity on child health is exacerbated by the destruction of health and public health programs used to target malnutrition. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061169. Resilience and Recovery After War: Refugee Children and Families in the US, What Do Children Want in Times of Emergency and Crisis? Community acceptance has a protective effect on adaptive behaviors and mental health outcomes in children who have been associated with armed groups112; however, this effect has not been generally observed in other children who are affected by conflict.164 Parental support has been associated with better school performance,165 life satisfaction, and positive perceptions of health in 2 large cross-sectional studies of adolescents in the occupied Palestinian territories.166 Among unaccompanied minors, well-supported living arrangements,125 religious faith,167 strong social support systems, and healthy interpersonal relationships168 have protective effects on mental health and adaptation to new environments. 2018 Dec;142(6):e20182585. Health literacy as a key to improving weight status among Palestinian adolescents living in chronic conflict conditions: a cross-sectional study. Total loading time: 0.518 In contrast, there is a paucity of quantitative studies about the socioeconomic consequences of armed conflict at the micro-level, i.e., noncommitted local households and . Political shifts and changing forests: Effects of armed conflict on The circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age and the systems put in place to deal with illness. Summary of principal findings reported. Understanding effects of armed conflict on health outcomes: the case of To inform clinical and public health preparedness and interventions, data on short- and long-term pediatric morbidity and mortality attributable to armed conflict are critical. Basha S, Socarras A, Akhter MW, Hamze M, Albaik A, Hussein I, Tarakji A, Hamadeh M, Loutfi R, Kewara M, Alahdab F, Abbara A. BMJ Glob Health. Causes, Effects and Solutions to Conflict in Africa - Bscholarly Studies published 19902017 by conflict region (number of studies in parenthesis). 2017 Apr;58(4):507-524. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12671. The recent outbreaks and reemergence of poliovirus in war and conflict-affected areas. 2018 Sep 8;392(10150):857-865. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31437-5. They Want an Education. on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. PDF The Protection of Children from the Effects of Armed Conflict 2018 Dec;142(6):e20182585. Scarring and selection effects on children surviving elevated rates of postneonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Children who are affected by armed conflict require care from clinicians who are familiar with their health risks and needs and who are skilled in providing care to children from different cultural and language backgrounds. . It also creates a development gap between those countries that have experienced armed conflict and those that have not. The data are from the 2014 update of the UCDP/PRIO armed conflict data set produced by the Uppsala Conflict Data Program and Peace Research Institute Oslo (Gleditsch et al. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2585. Data were extracted on health outcomes, displacement, social isolation, experience of violence, orphan status, and access to basic needs. The Impact of Conflict on Climate Change Adaptation in Yemen Annual Research Review: Breaking cycles of violence - a systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict. It can affect every organ system, and its impact can persist throughout the life course. As a result, even short-lived armed conflicts affect child health and wellbeing across the life course and through adulthood. The Emotional Effects of War on Children Can Have Lifelong Impact. Although there are no studies in which researchers examine changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after exposure to armed conflict, it can be argued that the severity and chronicity of the stresses that children endure rise to the level of toxic stress39 with its well-documented impact on physical and mental health across the life course. The review is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017036425. Errors in medical interpretation and their potential clinical consequences in pediatric encounters. The destruction of health care and public health systems is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children affected by armed conflict. There was no additional external funding received for this study. The geographical coverage of the literature is limited. The psychological impact on staff and volunteers working in contexts of armed conflict and violence has been recognized and addressed by States and humanitarian actors. Name: THE EFFECTS OF ARMED CONFLICT IN THE CONDUCT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN AFRICA; Type: PDF and MS Word (DOC) Size: [666 KB] Length: [50] Pages; INTRODUCTION. Evaluating the Role of Maternal and Paternal Trauma Exposure, Emotional Security, and Mental Health in Predicting Psychological Adjustment among Palestinian Adolescents. The protection of those who are not taking part in the armed conflict or have ceased taking part in the armed conflict Restrictions on the means of warfare and specifically- weapons and the methods of warfare like military tactics. Armed conflict has been a recurring reality in the analysis of postcolonial Africa. Armed conflict is a neglected social determinant of child health, and the acute and chronic effects of armed conflict on child health and wellbeing are among the greatest child rights violations of the 21st century.
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